Understanding Framingham Risk Score
The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. It was developed from the Framingham Heart Study, one of the most important epidemiological studies in medical history, which began in 1948.
Risk Categories
| 10-Year Risk | Category | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| < 10% | Low Risk | Lifestyle modifications, reassess in 5 years |
| 10-20% | Intermediate Risk | Consider additional testing, lifestyle changes |
| > 20% | High Risk | Aggressive risk factor modification, consider statin therapy |
Risk Factors Included
- Age: Risk increases with age
- Sex: Men have higher risk than women at younger ages
- Total Cholesterol: Higher levels increase risk
- HDL Cholesterol: Higher levels are protective
- Systolic Blood Pressure: Higher readings increase risk
- Blood Pressure Treatment: Treated hypertension carries additional risk
- Smoking Status: Current smoking doubles risk
- Diabetes: Significantly increases cardiovascular risk
Modifiable Risk Factors
Blood Pressure Control
Target: Less than 130/80 mmHg for most adults. Achieved through lifestyle changes and medications if needed.
Cholesterol Management
Reduce LDL cholesterol through diet, exercise, and statin therapy when indicated. Increase HDL through exercise and weight loss.
Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking reduces cardiovascular risk by 50% within one year.
Diabetes Management
Tight glycemic control and management of associated conditions reduce cardiovascular complications.
Limitations
- Derived primarily from white population data
- May underestimate risk in certain ethnic groups
- Does not include family history
- Does not account for inflammatory markers or coronary calcium
- Valid only for ages 30-79 years
- Not applicable for those with existing cardiovascular disease
When to Use This Calculator
The Framingham Risk Score is most useful for:
- Primary prevention assessment
- Deciding whether to initiate statin therapy
- Motivating patients to make lifestyle changes
- Shared decision-making between providers and patients
Medical Disclaimer
This calculator is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The Framingham Risk Score is one of many tools used in cardiovascular risk assessment. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider who can consider your complete medical history and individual circumstances.